1782 – Purple Heart, the first U.S. military decoration, instituted by General George Washington.
In the uncertain days of the American Revolution, General George Washington created a small but extraordinary symbol of courage. In 1782, he instituted the Badge of Military Merit—what would one day become the Purple Heart—the first military decoration in United States history.
Only three men received the honor during the Revolution, and each was a noncommissioned officer whose bravery had set him apart. Their award was humble in appearance: a purple, heart-shaped piece of cloth, edged in silver braid and sewn directly onto the recipient’s coat. Yet it carried the weight of a grateful nation. Of those original badges, only two are known to remain.
Then, for nearly 150 years, Washington’s award slipped quietly into history. It was not until February 22, 1932—the 200th anniversary of Washington’s birth—that the nation revived the decoration and gave it the name by which it is now known: the Purple Heart.
Today, the Purple Heart honors those who have been wounded or killed while serving their country. It may be awarded posthumously, ensuring that the sacrifice of those who did not return is remembered with the same reverence as the courage of those who did. Service members wounded more than once may receive additional recognition: Oak Leaf Clusters for the U.S. Army and Air Force, and Gold Stars for members of the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.
Beautifully designed and deeply meaningful, the modern medal is shaped like a purple heart edged in bronze. At its center is a relief portrait of Washington in the uniform of a Continental Army general. On the reverse are the enduring words, “For Military Merit,” followed by the name of the recipient—a personal testimony to sacrifice, courage, and service to the nation.
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